The+Liu+Report

Samantha Birch ** The Liu Report ** **What is the Liu Report?**The Liu Report was a study conducted in 1997 by Dalin Liu. He interviewed around 20,000 people in 15 different provinces in China throughout an 18 month period. The study was condu cted through the Shanghai Centre for Sociology and Sexology that was founded in 1988, which asked various questions about the subjects’ behaviors and attitudes about sex. This report is very similar to and can be compared to the American “Kinsey Report”. The report focused on four different categories of subjects. The youth interviewed in the study included school and college pupils, and university students. Liu also interviewed married couples and those who were convicted of sexual crimes (Kwintessential, 2011). The goal of the Liu Report was to locate problems related to individual sexuality, specifically focused on young people. It also examined the management and norm of sexual matters, as well as the control and spread of STDs. One notable issue within the report was that the examination of the spread of STDs avoided the topic of HIV, as at the time the Aids epidemic was being denied by the government, while they acknowledged that Aids was linked to sexual behavior. Liu received the Kinsey Reports translated into Chinese by sociologist Pan Suming, who was the director of the Research Institute for Gender and Sexuality at the Peoples University in Peking. With this information in the Kinsey Reports, Liu established his model and based his research off of what was discovered back in the United States.

**How was the Liu Report conducted?** The survey was distributed to several different private and public agencies. Among these were Chinese and multinational firms, mass organizations such as the family planning associations, the federation for women, state institutions like police departments and schools, and workers and trade unions. At the time, the topic of sexuality and sexual research was widely acknowledged, and several doctors were also interested in sexological research. In addition, the existence of issues related to sexual health and sexual education were finally being acknowledged, so the Liu Report was widely accepted as a beneficial movement in sexual progression. The findings within the report are attributed to the nature of Chinese society at that time. Three separate systems of contemporary Chinese society existed during the study, all which influenced the results. The first system arose from the Chinese tradition itself, which is constantly changing and evolving. The second was the Marxist ideology that supported building a sociality society. Finally, the third can be seen as the global model which not only affected China, but the rest of the world as well. Each of these contributing factors allowed for the results found in the study (Greenberg, 2011).

**What were the findings in the Liu Report?** There were several findings within the Liu Report that demonstrated the trends and attitudes within China. It is said that while there was a mass of information found within the reports, the study actually provided more questions and it produced answers. However, this allowed an opening for more and more sexual research and discovery (Micollier, 2009). -The survey showed an increase in the number of love affairs between secondary and high school students. At the time, the survey showed that around 60% of high school and a large number of students in secondary school were involved in love affairs. -The survey showed an increase in pre-marital sexual relations, and there was a 16% increase in the number of pre-marital pregnancies and attempted abortions. -There was also an increase in extra-marital sexual relations, showing that from the 1980s onward, the number of divorces as a result of adultery were between 25% and 40% of total. -The study showed that sexual incompatibility between married partners resulted in 24% of divorces in 1984, and by 1986, that rate had almost doubled. -Between 1979 and 1983, the increase in sexual offences and rapes increased fourfold. However, the age of the rapists fell, and gang rapes became more numerous, violent, and premeditated. - 1987 showed a growth in sex trade occurrences. The issues had spread from the costal regions of China into small towns and villages in the central part of the country. The number of prostitutes arrested in 1987 was 240 times greater than the numbers in 1979. -The spread of STDs increased. In the 1980s, the infection fate of STDs rose by 300% annually, and the first case of Aids was reported in 1985. - Pornography and pornographic publications increased.- An inconsistent and confusing view of sexuality arose. Today, China is still attempting to figure out a healthy and rational way of looking at sexuality. -The issues of population are becoming more and more urgent. While China is attempting to keep their numbers under 1.2 billion, it is extremely difficult to educate people and organize family plannin.

- Thirteen percent of college males and 6% of college females had experienced premarital sex, in comparison to 22% of city married men and 16% of city married women, as well as 35% of village married men and 15% of village married women. - Of all groups studied, college students had the highest proportion of homosexual behavior at 8% as compared to 1% of the city married population and 2% of the village married population. - 56% of college students, as opposed to 10% of married subjects studied, approved of extra-marital sexual activity. 39% of college students and 79% of married subjects felt extremely negative about this concept. - Most Chinese couples engage in little to no foreplay leading up to intercourse. Because of this, many wives feel discomfort during intercourse because of a lack of vaginal lubrication. - Women are more likely than men to initiate divorce proceedings, at three out of five divorces are requested by the women (Kwintessential, 2011).

**What has the Liu Report do****ne?** While the Liu Report was widely accepted by the Chinese population during the time of the study, many feel that the information gathered left many questions unanswered. The ability for the Liu Report to prompt more questions was one of the greatest results that the study caused. Because of the Liu Report, many others continued research on the topic of sexuality, and the general attitude surrounding the topic was more widely accepted.

**Work Cited** //China News Tagged with : Population Growth//. (2006). Retrieved April, 2011, from []

Fatuzzo, F. (2003). //Flag of China//. Retrieved April, 2011, from []

Greenberg, J., & Bruess, C. (n.d.). //Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality// (4th ed.). (Original work published 2011) Retrieved from http://books.google.com/ books?id=1NC5R0RozBYC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dz=%22The+Liu+Report%22+sex&source=bl&ots=-d9hfawMiY&sig=GaaUl0l2tMrf02ddMuLjSOmNICo&hl=en &ei=1KeiTf-4DY w0QHKvaSYBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum =1&ved=0CBUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Liu%20Report%22%20sex&f=false

Kwintessential, Ltd. (n.d.). //Kwintessential Cross Cultural Solutions//. Retrieved April 10, 2011, from []

Micollier, E. (2009). //AIDS in China: Discourses on Sexuality and Sexual Practices//. Retrieved April 8, 2011, from []